[Born 1896. Still living.]
The third son of Paul I. and of Maria Feodorowna, and the eighth
sovereign of the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty, which is of German origin.
Succeeded to the throne in 1825, upon the death of Alexander--his elder
brother Constantine renouncing the throne in his favour. In 1826,
declared war against Persia; in 1828, the war closed in his favour. In
the same year found occasion for a quarrel with the Turks, crossed the
Balkan mountains, which Russian troops had never before passed, and
imposed hard conditions upon the Sultan--amongst others, the so-called
Protectorate of the Danubian Principalities. The insurrection in Poland,
after the French Revolution of 1830, the commencement of the war in the
Caucasus, are familiar events. Still more recent is the interference of
Nicholas in the war between Hungary and Austria--an interference that
restored Hungary to Austrian rule--and, later still, the invasion of the
Danubian principalities, on the plea of securing the rights of the Greek
Church in the Turkish dominions. A fanatic in his adherence to Russian
customs, language, and religion, and glorying in his title of Spiritual
Chief of the Orthodox Church. The incarnation of despotism, and the
stern hater of all liberal ideas. His rule military and absolute. Like
Frederic the Great, he never shows himself but in military costume. Is
of great height, and said to be very proud of his size. His life one of
feverish activity. He gets through more work in a day than other
monarchs can manage in a month. He rides, walks, holds a review,
superintends a sham fight, goes on the water, exercises the navy, gives
a fête, takes his meals, and enjoys his rest, all within the twenty-four
hours. He is a wondrous traveller--travelling faster and getting over
more ground than everybody else--and has an absolute passion for
military evolutions. Since the days of the Empress Catharine,
Constantinople--called in Russia Czarapol (city of the Czars)--has been
regarded as the future capital of the Russian empire. Nicholas, after
much diplomacy, cozening, double-dealing, menace, and display of anger,
has put forth his massive hand to seize it. The world waits to see
whether that greedy hand shall grasp its prize, or recoil smitten and
maimed for its unauthorized rapacity.
[By C. Rauch. Marble. 1820. In the Palaces at St. Petersburg and
Berlin.]