[Born at Turin, in Italy, 1736. Died in Paris, 1813. Aged 77.]
At the age of 19, was Professor of Mathematics at the College of Turin.
Appointed successor to Euler when the latter was removed from Berlin.
Subsequently settled in Paris, where he became one of the Directors of
the Mint, and Professor in the Polytechnic school. In 1793, when all
foreigners were ordered to leave France, he was permitted to remain. His
important labours contributed largely to the advancement of mathematics
and astronomy, agitating most of the problems which Laplace subsequently
treated with such success. Delicate in health, he led a temperate life;
and in society he was reserved and contemplative. Neither great fame nor
high honour impaired his modesty. One of the Encyclopedists.