[Born at Rome, 1602. Died at Vincennes, in France, 1661. Aged 59.]
The pupil, protégé, and successor of Cardinal Richelieu, by whom he was
recommended to Louis XIII. on his death-bed, and whom he surpassed in
cunning, finesse, intrigue, and in the skill with which he turned all
his public acts to his own private advantage. His avarice was excessive,
and his coffers groaned with the wealth of the country which he ruled
and impoverished. France was indebted to him for the treaties of
Westphalia and of the Pyrenees, and these constitute his best claim to
the consideration and gratitude of the French people. Another service
must not be forgotten. He beggared the French nation, but he endeavoured
to make amends by bequeathing to Louis XIV. the sagacious Colbert, under
whose strong hand the finances of France rapidly recovered. The
character of Mazarin has been variously described. By some he is
regarded as a great Minister of State, equal to Richelieu; by others as
a man of indifferent abilities, with an inordinate share of craftiness
and diplomatic trickery. It is certain that he was deeply versed in the
knowledge of man. Louis XIV. was in leading-strings whilst Mazarin
lived, but sole and absolute monarch from the day of his Minister’s
death until the hour of his own. Mazarin founded the first public
library established in France, but he kept the young monarch who was
entrusted to his hands, in shameful ignorance of all that it concerned
the youthful prince to know.
[From the marble in the Louvre by Coysevox.]