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Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of"
6. ARTABANUS III. reigned a short time in A.D. 80 (on a coin of this
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of"
6. ARTABANUS III. reigned a short time in A.D. 80 (on a coin of this
Chapter 138
35 words
Chapters
Chapter 1: Chapter 1
Chapter 2: 1. _Stone Age._--One of the chief problems which have perplexed
Chapter 3: 2. _Bronze Age._--It is impossible to assign any date as the beginning
Chapter 4: 3. _Early Greek Weapons._--The character of the weapons used by the
Chapter 5: 4. _Greek, Historical._--The equipment does not differ generically from
Chapter 6: 5. _Roman._--The equipment of the Roman soldier, like the organization
Chapter 7: 6. _English from the Norman Conquest._--It is unnecessary here to trace
Chapter 8: 7. _Fire-arms._ (For the development of cannon, see ARTILLERY and
Chapter 9: 1. _Early Armies._--It is only with the evolution of the specially
Chapter 10: 2. _Persia._--Drawn from a hardy and nomadic race, the armies of Persia
Chapter 11: 3. _Greece._--The Homeric armies were tribal levies of foot, armed with
Chapter 12: 4. _Sparta._--So much is common to the various states. In Sparta the
Chapter 13: 5. _Greek Mercenaries._--The military system of the 4th century was not
Chapter 14: 6. _Epaminondas._--Not many years after this, Spartan oppression roused
Chapter 15: 7. _Alexander._--The reforms of Alexander's father, Philip of Macedon,
Chapter 16: 8. _Carthage._--The military systems of the Jews present few features of
Chapter 17: 9. _Roman Army under the Republic._--The earliest organization of the
Chapter 18: 10. _Characteristics of the Roman Army._--Such in outline was the Roman
Chapter 19: 11. _Roman Empire._--The essential weaknesses of militia forces and the
Chapter 20: 12. _The "Dark Ages."_--In western Europe all traces of Roman military
Chapter 21: 13. _The Byzantines_ (cf. article ROMAN EMPIRE, LATER).--While the west
Chapter 22: 14. _Feudalism._--From the military point of view the change under
Chapter 23: 15. _Medieval Mercenaries._--It was natural, therefore, that a sovereign
Chapter 24: 16. _Infantry in Feudal Times._--These mercenary foot soldiers came as a
Chapter 25: 17. _The Crusades._--It is an undoubted fact that the long wars of the
Chapter 26: 18. _The Period of Transition_ (1290-1490).--Besides the infantry
Chapter 27: 19. _The Condottieri._--The immediate result of this confused period of
Chapter 28: 20. _The Swiss._--The best description of a typical European army at the
Chapter 29: 21. _The Landsknechts._--The modern army owes far more of its
Chapter 30: 22. _The Spanish Army._--The tendencies towards professional soldiering
Chapter 31: 23. _The Sixteenth Century._--The battle of St Quentin (1557) is usually
Chapter 32: 24. _Dutch System._--The most interesting feature of the Dutch system,
Chapter 33: 25. _The Thirty Years' War._--Hitherto all armies had been raised or
Chapter 34: 26. _The Swedish Army._--The Swedish army was raised by a carefully
Chapter 35: 27. _The English Civil War_ (see GREAT REBELLION).--The armies on either
Chapter 36: 28. _Standing Armies._--Nine years after Nordlingen, the old Spanish
Chapter 37: 29. _Character of the Standing Armies._--A peculiar character was from
Chapter 38: 30. _Organization in the 18th Century._--All armies were now almost
Chapter 39: 31. _Frederick the Great._--The military career of Frederick the Great
Chapter 40: 32. _The French Revolution._--Very different were the armies of the
Chapter 41: 33. _The Conscription._--In 1793, at a moment when the danger to France
Chapter 42: 34. _Napoleon._--Revolutionary government, however, gave way in a few
Chapter 43: 35. _The Grande Armee._--In 1805-1806, when the older spirit of the
Chapter 44: 36. _The Wars of Liberation._--The Prussian defeat at Jena was followed
Chapter 45: 37. _European Armies 1815-1870._--The events of the period 1815-1859
Chapter 46: 38. _Modern Developments._--Since 1870, then, with the single exception
Chapter 47: 39. The main principles of all military organization as developed in
Chapter 48: 40. _Compulsory Service._--Universal liability to service (_allgemeine
Chapter 49: 41. _Conscription_ in the proper sense, i.e. selection by lot of a
Chapter 50: 42. _Voluntary Service._--Existing voluntary armies have usually
Chapter 51: 43. The militia idea (see MILITIA) has been applied most completely in
Chapter 52: 44. _Arms of the Service._--Organization into "arms" is produced by the
Chapter 53: 45. _Command._--The first essential of a good organization is to ensure
Chapter 54: 46. A _brigade_ is the command of a brigadier or major-general, or of a
Chapter 55: 47. A _division_ is an organization containing troops of all arms. Since
Chapter 56: 48. _Army Corps._--The "corps" of the 18th century was simply a large
Chapter 57: 49. _Constitution of the Army Corps._--In 1870-71 the III. German army
Chapter 58: 50. _Army._--The term "army" is applied, in war time, to any command of
Chapter 59: 51. _Chief Command._--The leading of the "group of armies" referred to
Chapter 60: 52. The _Chief of the General Staff_ is, as his title implies, the chief
Chapter 61: 53. _First and Second Lines._--The organization into arms and units is
Chapter 62: 54. _War Reserves._--In war, the reserves increase the field armies to
Chapter 63: 55. The military characteristics of the various types of regular troops
Chapter 64: 56. The transfer of troops from the state of peace to that of war is
Chapter 65: 57. _Territorial System._--The feudal system was of course a territorial
Chapter 66: 58. _Army Administration._--The existing systems of command and
Chapter 67: 59. _Branches of Administration._--In these circumstances the only
Chapter 68: 60. Prior to the Norman Conquest the armed force of England was
Chapter 69: 61. It is difficult to summarize the history of the army between the
Chapter 70: 62. The first years of the Great Rebellion (q.v.) showed primarily the
Chapter 71: 63. James II., an experienced soldier and sailor, was more obstinate
Chapter 72: 64. Under William the army was considerably augmented. The old regiments
Chapter 73: 65. Before passing to the great French Revolutionary wars, from which a
Chapter 74: 66. The first efforts of the army in the long war with France did not
Chapter 75: 67. The period which elapsed between Waterloo and the Crimean War is
Chapter 76: 68. The Indian Mutiny of 1857, followed by the transference of the
Chapter 77: 69. The period of reform commences therefore with 1870, and is connected
Chapter 78: 70. Historically, the Indian army grew up in three distinct divisions,
Chapter 79: 71. _Madras._--The first armed force in the Madras presidency was the
Chapter 80: 72. _Bombay._--The island of Bombay formed part of the marriage
Chapter 81: 73. _Consolidation of the Army._--In 1796 a general reorganization
Chapter 82: 74. _The Army before the Mutiny._--The officering and recruiting of
Chapter 83: 75. _The Reorganization._--By the autumn of 1858 the mutiny was
Chapter 84: 76. _The Modern Army._--The college at Addiscombe was closed in 1860,
Chapter 85: 77. In the earliest European settlements in Canada, the necessity of
Chapter 86: 78. The _Landsknecht_ infantry constituted the mainstay of the imperial
Chapter 87: 79. The Austrians, during the short peace which preceded the war of
Chapter 88: 80. The Austrian system has conserved much of the peculiar tone of the
Chapter 89: 81. The French army (see for further details FRANCE: _Law and
Chapter 90: 82. The artillery had been an industrial concern rather than an arm of
Chapter 91: 83. The last half of the 17th century is a brilliant period in the
Chapter 92: 84. If Louis was the creator of the royal army, Carnot was so of the
Chapter 93: 85. One of the first acts of the Restoration was to abolish the
Chapter 94: 86. At the outbreak of the Franco-German War (q.v.) the French field
Chapter 95: 87. The German army, strictly speaking, dates only from 1871, or at
Chapter 96: 88. The bitter humiliation and suffering endured under the French yoke
Chapter 97: 89. The _Saxon Army_ formerly played a prominent part in all the wars of
Chapter 98: 90. The _Bavarian Army_ has perhaps the most continuous record of good
Chapter 99: 91. _Wurttemberg_ furnishes one army corps (XIII.; headquarters,
Chapter 100: 92. The old _Hanoverian Army_ disappeared, of course, with the
Chapter 101: 93. The old conscription law of the kingdom of Sardinia is the basis of
Chapter 102: 94. The history of the Russian army begins with the abolition of the
Chapter 103: 95. The feudal sovereignties of medieval Spain differed but little, in
Chapter 104: 96. With the Italian wars of the early 16th century came the
Chapter 105: 97. The military history of Spain from 1650 to 1700 is full of
Chapter 106: 98. The writers who have left the most complete and trustworthy
Chapter 107: 99. The regular army of the United States has always been small. From
Chapter 108: 100. _Dutch and Belgian Armies._--The military power of the "United
Chapter 109: 101. _Swiss Army._--The inhabitants of Switzerland were always a hardy
Chapter 110: 102. The _Swedish Army_ can look back with pride to the days of
Chapter 111: 103. The existing Army of _Portugal_ dates from the Peninsular War,
Chapter 112: 104. The _Rumanian, Bulgarian_ and _Servian_ armies are the youngest
Chapter 113: 1804. Arnault died at Goderville on the 16th of September 1834.
Chapter 114: 1848. In 1861 he became a member of the Lower Austrian diet and in 1869
Chapter 115: 1785. After being educated at a convent school in Fritzlar, she lived
Chapter 116: 1822. When it is said that he was the son of the famous Dr Arnold of
Chapter 117: 1827. In June 1828 he received priest's orders; in April end November of
Chapter 118: 4. Spike of fruits. Showing in succession (from below) female flowers,
Chapter 119: 3000. It lies in a pleasant undulating country at an elevation of 900
Chapter 120: introduction of European spirits and methods of manufacture is gradually
Chapter 121: 500. This was soon transferred to Cambrai, but brought back to its
Chapter 122: 1. Warrants are ordinarily granted by justices of the peace on
Chapter 123: 2. The officers who may arrest without warrant are,--justices of the
Chapter 124: 3. A private person is bound to arrest for a felony committed in his
Chapter 125: 4. The arrest by hue and cry is where officers and private persons are
Chapter 126: 1826. They are under the direction of maritime prefects, who, by a
Chapter 127: 1. Daughter of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, first wife of Ptolemy II.
Chapter 128: 2. Daughter of Ptolemy I. Soter and Berenice. Born about 316 B.C., she
Chapter 129: 3. Daughter of Ptolemy III. Euergetes, sister and wife of Ptolemy IV.
Chapter 130: 4. Youngest daughter of Ptolemy XIII. Auletes, and sister of the famous
Chapter 131: 819. The streets of the town were widened and improved in 1869.
Chapter 132: 1. Brother of Darius I., and, according to Herodotus, the trusted
Chapter 133: 2. Vizier of Xerxes (Ctesias, _Pers_. 20), whom he murdered in 465 B.C.
Chapter 134: 3. A satrap of Bactria, who revolted against Artaxerxes I., but was
Chapter 135: 4. ARTABANUS I., successor of his nephew Phraates II. about 127 B.C.,
Chapter 136: 5. ARTABANUS II. c. A.D. 10-40, son of an Arsacid princess (Tac. _Ann_.
Chapter 137: 18. 9). In A.D. 35 he tried anew to conquer Armenia, and to establish
Chapter 138: 6. ARTABANUS III. reigned a short time in A.D. 80 (on a coin of this
Chapter 139: 7. ARTABANUS IV., the last Parthian king, younger son of Vologaeses IV.,
Chapter 140: 1. ARTAXERXES I., surnamed _Macrocheir, Longimanus_, "Longhand," because
Chapter 141: 2. ARTAXERXES II., surnamed _Mnemon_, the eldest son of Darius II., whom
Chapter 142: 3. ARTAXERXES III. is the title adopted by Ochus, the son of Artaxerxes
Chapter 143: 1876. Since 1905 the Art Collections Fund, a society of private
Chapter 144: part ii. of Lankester's _Treatise on Zoology_).
Chapter 145: 5. Lankester, "Observations and Reflections on the Appendages and
Chapter 146: 1622. Of the numerous later editions, the best is that of Achille le
Chapter 147: 1. _Early Artillery._--Mechanical appliances for throwing projectiles
Chapter 148: 2. _The Beginnings of Field Artillery._--It is clear, from such evidence
Chapter 149: 3. _The 16th Century._--In the Italian wars waged by Charles VIII.,
Chapter 150: 4. _The Thirty Years' War._--Such, in its broadest outlines, is the
Chapter 151: 5. _Personnel and Classification._--More than 300 years after the first
Chapter 152: 6. _The English Civil War._--Even in the English Civil War (Great
Chapter 153: 7. _Artillery Progress, 1660-1740._--Cromwell's practice of relegating
Chapter 154: 8. _Artillery in the Wars of Frederick the Great._--By the time of
Chapter 155: 9. _Gribeauval's Reforms._--At the commencement of the 18th century,
Chapter 156: 10. _British Artillery, 1793-1815._--Meanwhile the numbers of the
Chapter 157: 11. _French Revolutionary Wars._--During the long wars of the French
Chapter 158: 12. _Napoleon's Artillery Tactics._--During the war the French artillery
Chapter 159: 13. _Artillery, 1815-1865._--Henceforward, therefore, the history of
Chapter 160: 14. _The Franco-German War, 1870-71._--In the next great war, that of
Chapter 161: 15. _Results of the War._--The tactical lessons of the war, so far as
Chapter 162: 16. _Quick-firing Field Guns._--In 1891, a work by General Wille of the
Chapter 163: 17. _Time Shrapnel._--The power of modern artillery owes even more to
Chapter 164: 18. _Heavy Field, Siege and Garrison Artillery._--Amongst other results
Chapter 165: 19. _Field Artillery Organization._--A _battery_ of field artillery
Chapter 166: introduction of the quick-firing gun, the tendency towards small
Chapter 167: 20. _Ammunition._--The vehicles of a battery include (besides guns and
Chapter 168: 21. _Interior Economy._--The organization and interior economy of a
Chapter 169: 22. _Special Natures of Field Artillery._--_Horse Artillery_ differs
Chapter 170: 23. _Heavy Ordnance._--_Heavy Field Artillery_, officially defined as
Chapter 171: 24. _Higher Organization of Artillery._--The higher units, in almost
Chapter 172: 25. _Grouping of the Artillery._--The "corps artillery" (formerly the
Chapter 173: 26. _General Characteristics of Field Artillery Action._--The duty of
Chapter 174: 27. _Occupation of a Position._--This depends primarily upon
Chapter 175: introduction of the shield. A great advantage of retired positions is
Chapter 176: introduction of the shield. The disadvantage of extra weight and
Chapter 177: 28. _Laying._--"Elevation" may be defined as the vertical inclination of
Chapter 178: 29. _Ranging_[4] (except on the French system alluded to below) is,
Chapter 179: 30. An example of the ordinary method of ranging, adapted from _Field
Chapter 180: 31. _Observation of Fire_, on the accuracy of which depends the success
Chapter 181: 32. _Fire._--Field Artillery ranges are classed in the British service
Chapter 182: 33. _Projectiles Employed._--"Time shrapnel," say the German Field
Chapter 183: 34. _Tactics of Field Artillery._--On the march, the position and
Chapter 184: 35. Field artillery in _defence_, which would presumably be inferior to
Chapter 185: 36. _Marches._--The importance of having the artillery well up at the
Chapter 186: 37. _Power and Mobility._--It will have been made clear that every gun
Chapter 187: 38. _Concentration and Dispersion._--The use of their artillery made by
Chapter 188: 39. _Horse Artillery_ is to be regarded as field artillery of great
Chapter 189: 40. _Field Howitzers_ are somewhat less mobile than field guns; they
Chapter 190: 41. _Heavy Field Artillery_, alternatively called _Artillery of
Chapter 191: 1. As regards the teeth, we have the passage of a simply tubercular, or
Chapter 192: 2. As regards the limbs. Reduction of the ulna from a complete and
Chapter 193: 3. Change of form of the odontoid process of the second or axis
Chapter 194: 4. Development of horns or antlers on the frontal bones, and gradual
Chapter 195: 5. By inference only, increasing complication of stomach with ruminating
Chapter 196: 1907. In every direction there has been a tendency to increase prices
Chapter 197: 1884. The Artists' Society, formed in 1830, has for its object the
year he calls himself Arsaces Artabanus) and the following years, and supported a pretender who rose in Asia Minor under the name of Nero (Zonaras xi. 18), but could not maintain himself against Pacorus II.
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