=Exercise 63--Parts of Speech=
There are eight different kinds of words called parts of speech, which
are used to make sentences. They are as follows:
_Noun_: The _horse_ is brown.
_Pronoun_: _He_ is the best horse of all.
_Verb_: He _galloped_ to town.
_Adjective_: The _brown_ horse is my favorite.
_Adverb_: He runs _swiftly_.
_Preposition_: We shall ride _to_ town.
_Conjunction_: The night is clear _and_ cold.
_Interjection_: _Oh!_ My horse stumbled.
Thus a _noun_ names something. A word that stands for a noun is a
_pronoun_. Sometimes a different part of speech is used like a noun, and
for the time being it becomes a noun. The _verb_ is a very important
part of speech, since without it there can be no sentence. The verb
makes an assertion, asks a question, or gives a command. _Adjectives_
are words that belong to or describe nouns or pronouns. Adverbs go with
or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. _Prepositions_ and
_conjunctions_ connect. Prepositions join their objects to other words
in the sentence; conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses. An
_interjection_, such as the exclamation _oh_, is used without having
grammatical relation to any other word in the sentence. A preposition
always takes an object, the preposition and its object making a
_phrase_. Grouping this information, we have:
{_Nouns_ are names of persons and things.
{_Pronouns_ are substitutes for nouns.
{_Verbs_ make assertions, ask questions, or give
{ commands.
{_Adjectives_ modify nouns and pronouns.
PARTS OF SPEECH {_Adverbs_ modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
{ They usually answer the questions _how?_ _when?_
{ _where?_ _why?_ _to what degree?_
{_Prepositions_ join object nouns or pronouns to
{ other words in the sentence.
{_Conjunctions_ join words, phrases, and clauses.
{_Interjections_ are independent words used as
{ exclamations.
A word is not always the same part of speech. We may say, "Did you
_starch_ the clothes?" in which case _starch_ is a verb. A grocer may
say, "The _starch_ in these packages is always clean." In this sentence
_starch_ is a noun. The part of speech depends entirely on the way the
word is used.
In the following, name the part of speech of each word in italic. Judge
by the way the word is used in the sentence.