identity of this Romance-compiler Rusticien de Pise with the Messire
_Rustacians de Pise_, of a solitary MS. of Polo’s work (though the
oldest and most authentic), a name which appears in other copies as
_Rusta Pisan_, _Rasta Pysan_, _Rustichelus Civis Pisanus_, _Rustico_,
_Restazio da Pisa_, _Stazio da Pisa_, and who is stated in the preamble
to have acted as the Traveller’s scribe at Genoa.
M. Pauthier indeed[12] asserts that the French of the MS. Romances
of Rusticien de Pise is of the same barbarous character as that of
the early French MS. of Polo’s Book to which we have just alluded,
and which we shall show to be the nearest presentation of the work as
originally dictated by the Traveller. The language of the latter MS. is
so peculiar that this would be almost perfect evidence of the identity
of the writers, if it were really the fact. A cursory inspection which
I have made of two of those MSS. in Paris, and the extracts which
I have given and am about to give, do not, however, by any means
support M. Pauthier’s view. Nor would that view be consistent with the
judgment of so competent an authority as Paulin Paris, implied in his
calling Rustician a _nom recommandable_ in old French literature, and
his speaking of him as “versed in the secrets of the French Romance
Tongue.”[13] In fact the difference of language in the two cases would
really be a difficulty in the way of identification, if there were room
for doubt. This, however, Paulin Paris seems to have excluded finally,
by calling attention to the peculiar formula of preamble which is
common to the Book of Marco Polo and to one of the Romance compilations
of Rusticien de Pise.
The former will be found in English at pp. 1, 2, of our Translation;
but we give a part of the original below[14] for comparison with the
preamble to the Romances of Meliadus, Tristan, and Lancelot, as taken
from MS. 6961 (Fr. 340) of the Paris Library:—
“_Seigneurs Empereurs et Princes, Ducs et Contes et Barons et
Chevaliers et Vavasseurs et Bourgeois, et tous les preudommes de
cestui monde qui avez talent de vous deliter en rommans, si prenez
cestui (livre) et le faites lire de chief en chief, si orrez toutes
les grans aventure_ qui advindrent entre les Chevaliers errans
du temps au Roy Uter Pendragon, jusques à le temps au Roy Artus
son fils, et des compaignons de la Table Ronde. Et sachiez tout
vraiment que cist livres fust translatez du livre Monseigneur
Edouart le Roy d’Engleterre en cellui temps qu’il passa oultre la
mer au service nostre Seigneur Damedieu pour conquester le Sant
Sepulcre, et Maistre Rusticiens de Pise, lequel est ymaginez yci
dessus,[15] compila ce rommant, car il en translata toutes les
merveilleuses nouvelles et aventures qu’il trouva en celle livre
et traita tout certainement de toutes les aventures du monde, et
si sachiez qu’il traitera plus de Monseigneur Lancelot du Lac, et
Monsʳ Tristan le fils au Roy Meliadus de Leonnoie que d’autres,
porcequ’ilz furent sans faille les meilleurs chevaliers qui à ce
temps furent en terre; et li Maistres en dira de ces deux pluseurs
choses et pluseurs nouvelles que l’en treuvera escript en tous les
autres livres; et porce que le Maistres les trouva escript au Livre
d’Engleterre.”
[Illustration: Palazzo di S. Giorgio Genoa.]
“Certainly,” Paulin Paris observes, “there is a singular analogy
between these two prefaces. And it must be remarked that the formula is
not an ordinary one with translators, compilers, or authors of the 13th
and 14th centuries. Perhaps you would not find a single other example
of it.”[16]
This seems to place beyond question the identity of the
Romance-compiler of Prince Edward’s suite in 1270, and the Prisoner of
Genoa in 1298.
[Sidenote: Further particulars concerning Rustician.]