not only is the worker given every incentive, but he, personally,
becomes inspired with this great desire for activity, which is after
all the best and finest thing that any system of work can give
to him.
INTERRELATION OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT.--As to
the interrelation of physical, mental and moral development, it must
never be forgotten that the mind and the body must be studied
together,[5] and that this is particularly true in considering the
mind in management.[6] For the best results of the mind, the body
must be cared for, and provided for, fully as much as must the mind,
or the best results from the mind will not, and cannot, be obtained.
Successful management must consider the results of all mental
states upon the health, happiness and prosperity of the worker, and
the quality, quantity and cost of the output. That is to say, unless
the mind is kept in the right state, with the elimination of worry,
the body cannot do its best work, and, in the same way, unless the
body is kept up to the proper standard, the mind cannot develop.
Therefore, a really good system of management must consider not only
these things separately, but in their interrelation,--and this
Scientific Management does.
RESULT OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT IS INCREASED
CAPACITY.--The ultimate result of all this physical improvement,
mental development and moral development is increased capacity,
increased capacity not only for work, but for health, and for life
in general.
WELFARE WORK AN INTEGRAL PART OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.--
Strictly speaking, under Scientific Management, there should be no
necessity for a special department of Welfare Work. It should be so
incorporated in Scientific Management that it is not to be
distinguished. Here the men are looked out for in such a way under
the operation of Scientific Management itself that there is no
necessity for a special welfare worker. This is not to say that the
value of personality will disappear under Scientific Management, and
that it may not be necessary in some cases to provide for nurses,
for physical directors, and for advisers. It will, however, be
understood that the entire footing of these people is changed under
Scientific Management. It is realized under Scientific Management
that these people, and their work, benefit the employers as much as
the employés. They must go on the regular payroll as a part of the
efficiency equipment. The workers must understand that there is
absolutely no feeling of charity, or of gift, in having them; that
they add to the perfectness of the entire establishment.
SUMMARY
RESULTS OF WELFARE TO THE WORK.--Because of Welfare Work, of
whatever type, more and better work is accomplished, with only such
expenditure of effort as is beneficial to the worker. Not only does
the amount of work done increase, but it also tends to become
constant, after it has reached its standard expected volume.
RESULT OF WELFARE WORK TO THE WORKER.--This description of
welfare of the men under Scientific Management, in every sense of
the word welfare, has been very poor and incomplete if from it the
reader has not deduced the fact that Scientific Management enables
the worker not only to lead a fuller life in his work, but also
outside his work; that it furnishes him hours enough free from the
work to develop such things as the work cannot develop; that it
furnishes him with health and interest enough to go into his leisure
hours with a power to develop himself there; that it furnishes him
with a broader outlook, and, best of all, with a capacity of judging
for himself what he needs most to get. In other words, if Scientific
Management is what it claims to be, it leads to the development of a
fuller life in every sense of the word, enabling the man to become a
better individual in himself, and a better member of his community.
If it does not do this it is not truly Scientific Management. Miss
Edith Wyatt has said, very beautifully, at the close of her book,
"Making Both Ends Meet"[7]: "No finer dream was ever dreamed than
that the industry by which the nation lives, should be so managed as
to secure for the men and women engaged in it their real prosperity,
their best use of their highest powers. How far Scientific
Management will go toward realizing the magnificent dream in the
future, will be determined by the greatness of spirit and the
executive genius with which its principles are sustained by all the
people interested in its inauguration, the employers, the workers
and the engineers."
We wish to modify the word "dream" to the word "plan." The plan
of Scientific Management is right, and, as Miss Wyatt says, is but
waiting for us to fulfill the details that are laid out before us.
CONCLUSION.--The results thus far attained by Scientific
Management justify a prediction as to its future. It will accomplish
two great works.