PENNETHORNE, SIR JAMES (son of Thomas Pennethorne of Worcester).
_b._ Worcester 4 June 1801; pupil of John Nash and Augustus
Pugin 1820–4; studied in France and Italy 1824–6; elected a
member of the academy of St. Luke; principal assistant of
John Nash 1826; directed the West Strand improvement 1829,
and the King Wm. st. opening 1831; employed by the comrs. of
the woods and forests to prepare plans for improvements in
London 1832; four streets New Oxford st. opened 1847, Endell
st. 1846, Cranbourne st. 1843, and Commercial st. 1870, were
made by him at a cost of one million pounds, also Garrick st.
1864, Southwark st. 1864, and Old st. 1855; built Crockford’s
bazaar in St. James’s st. 1832, and Christ church in Albany st.
1836; his design for rebuilding the Royal exchange was one of
the five selected in the competition 1838; joint surveyor of
houses in London in the land revenue department June 1840; sole
surveyor and architect of the office of woods 1843–70; a comr.
to inquire into construction of work-houses in Ireland 1843;
designed and laid out Victoria park at cost of £115,000, 1842
etc., and Battersea park 1846–58; cleared away the houses from
the walls of Windsor Castle 1851–3; architect of the Museum
of economic geology in Jermyn st. opened in 1851; removed the
colonnade of the Quadrant, Regent st. and designed the balcony
1848; completed the west wing of Somerset House 1852–6, for
which he received a gold medal from the R.I.B.A. 18 May 1857;
built the ball-room at Buckingham palace, completed 1856, the
duchy of Cornwall office, and district post office 1852, the
Record office 1856–70, the stables at Marlborough house 1863,
the Patent office library, opened 1855, and the new stationery
office 1847; F.R.I.B.A. 1840, royal gold medallist 1865;
designed the University of London in Burlington Gardens 1866–8;
knighted at Windsor castle 29 June 1870. _d._ Worcester park
house, Wimbledon, Surrey 1 Sept. 1871. _bur._ Highgate cemet.
_Transactions of the R.I.B.A._ (1871–2) 53–69; _The Builder_
(1866) 877–98.
PENNETHORNE, JOHN (brother of preceding). _b._ Worcester 4
Jany. 1808; pupil of John Nash in London; studied in France,
Italy, Greece, and Egypt 1830–5; made an elaborate study of the
Parthenon at Athens 1832, 1834 and 1837; author of The elements
and arithmetical principles of the Greek architects and artists,
recovered by study of the remaining works of architecture
designed and erected in the age of Pericles 1844; and with
J. Robinson The geometry and optics of ancient architecture,
illustrated by examples from Thebes, Athens, and Rome 1878;
contributed to the Transactions of the R.I.B.A. a paper on
The connection between ancient art and the ancient geometry
as illustrated by works of the age of Pericles Feb. 1879 pp.
105–36. _d._ Hamstead, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight 20 Jany. 1888.
_Dictionary of architecture_, _vol. vi p._ 18 (1881).
PENNEY, JOHN. Cornet 1 Bombay light cavalry 25 April 1824,
lieut. col. 7 Dec. 1850 to 1852, and 24 April 1854 to death;
lieut. col. 3 Bombay light cavalry 1852 to 24 April 1854;
changed his name from Penny to Penney 1845. _d._ of heat
apoplexy in the retreat from Nasírábád 28 May 1857.
PENNEY, WILLIAM, lord Kinloch (eld. son of Wm. Penney,
merchant). _b._ Glasgow 1801; educ. Glasgow univ. where he took
honours; advocate 1824, had a large practice; judge of court of
session 7 May 1858, took courtesy title of lord Kinloch; judge
of the first division court Oct. 1868 to death; author of The
circle of Christian doctrine 1861, 3 ed. 1865; Time’s treasure
or devout thoughts for every day of the year, expressed in verse
1863, 5 ed. 1865; Studies for Sunday evening 1866; Faith’s
jewels presented in verse 1869; Thoughts of Christ for every day
in the year 1871; Readings in holy writ 1871; Hymns to Christ