is on several counts to be numbered with those of the freethinkers
of his day--who included Godwin and Hazlitt--though he had no part
in any direct propaganda. Himself at most a Unitarian, but not at
all given to argument on points of faith, he did his work for reason
partly by way of the subtle and winning humanism of such an essay as
New Year's Eve, which seems to have been what brought upon him the
pedantically pious censure of Southey, apparently for its lack of
allusion to a future state; partly by his delicately-entitled letter,
The Tombs in the Abbey, in which he replied to Southey's stricture. "A
book which wants only a sounder religious feeling to be as delightful
as it is original" had been Southey's pompous criticism, in a paper on
Infidelity. [1846] In his reply, Lamb commented on Southey's life-long
habit of scoffing at the Church of Rome, and gravely repudiated the
test of orthodoxy for human character.
Lamb's words are not generally known, and are worth remembering. "I
own," he wrote, "I never could think so considerably of myself
as to decline the society of an agreeable or worthy man upon
difference of opinion only. The impediments and the facilitations
to a sound belief are various and inscrutable as the heart of
man. Some believe upon weak principles; others cannot feel the
efficacy of the strongest. One of the most candid, most upright,
and single-meaning men I ever knew was the late Thomas Holcroft. I
believe he never said one thing and meant another in his life;
and, as near as I can guess, he never acted otherwise than
with the most scrupulous attention to conscience. Ought we to
wish the character false for the sake of a hollow compliment to
Christianity?" Of the freethinking and unpopular Hazlitt, who had
soured towards Lamb in his perverse way, the essayist spoke still
more generously. Of Leigh Hunt he speaks more critically, but with
the same resolution to stand by a man known as a heretic. But the
severest flout to Southey and his Church is in the next paragraph,
where, after the avowal that "the last sect with which you can
remember me to have made common profession were the Unitarians,"
he tells how, on the previous Easter Sunday, he had attended the
service in Westminster Abbey, and when he would have lingered
afterwards among the tombs to meditate, was "turned, like a dog
or some profane person, out into the common street, with feelings
which I could not help, but not very congenial to the day or the
discourse. I do not know," he adds, "that I shall ever venture
myself again into one of your churches."
These words were published in the London Magazine in 1825; but
in the posthumous collected edition of the Essays of Elia all
the portions above cited were dropped, and the paragraph last
quoted from was modified, leaving out the last words. The essay
does not seem to have been reprinted in full till it appeared in
R. H. Shepherd's edition of 1878. But the original issue in the
London Magazine created a tradition among the lovers of Lamb,
and his name has always been associated with some repute for
freethinking. There is further very important testimony as to
Lamb's opinions in one of Allsopp's records of the conversation
of Coleridge:--
"No, no; Lamb's skepticism has not come lightly, nor is he
a skeptic [sic: Query, scoffer?]. The harsh reproof to Godwin
for his contemptuous allusion to Christ before a well-trained
child proves that he is not a skeptic [? scoffer]. His mind,
never prone to analysis, seems to have been disgusted with the
hollow pretences, the false reasonings and absurdities of the
rogues and fools with whom all establishments, and all creeds
seeking to become established, abound. I look upon Lamb as one
hovering between earth and heaven; neither hoping much nor fearing
anything. It is curious that he should retain many usages which he
learnt or adopted in the fervour of his early religious feelings,
now that his faith is in a state of suspended animation. Believe
me, who know him well, that Lamb, say what he will, has more
of the essentials of Christianity than ninety-nine out of a
hundred professing Christians. He has all that would still have
been Christian had Christ never lived or been made manifest upon
earth." (Allsopp's Letters, etc., as cited, p. 46.) In connection
with the frequently cited anecdote as to Lamb's religious feeling
given in Leigh Hunt's Autobiography (rep. p. 253), also by
Hazlitt (Winterslow, essay ii, ed. 1902, p. 39), may be noted the
following, given by Allsopp: "After a visit to Coleridge, during
which the conversation had taken a religious turn, Leigh Hunt
... expressed his surprise that such a man as Coleridge should,
when speaking of Christ, always call him Our Saviour. Lamb, who
had been exhilarated by one glass of that gooseberry or raisin
cordial which he has so often anathematized, stammered out:
'Ne-ne-never mind what Coleridge says; he is full of fun.'"