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Treatise on Poisons by Sir Robert Christison
2. Apparatus for the distillation of fluids suspected to contain

Treatise on Poisons by Sir Robert Christison

2. Apparatus for the distillation of fluids suspected to contain

Chapter 210 5 words

Chapter 1: Chapter 1
Chapter 2: PART II.—OF INDIVIDUAL POISONS.
Chapter 3: CHAPTER I.
Chapter 4: 1. _On the Action of Poisons through Sympathy._ In the infancy of
Chapter 5: 2. _Of the Action of Poisons through Absorption._—If doubts may be
Chapter 6: 1. _Quantity_ affects their action materially. Not only do they produce
Chapter 7: 2. _As to state of aggregation_,—poisons act the more energetically the
Chapter 8: 3. The next modifying cause is _chemical combination_. This is sometimes
Chapter 9: 4. The effect of _mixture_ depends partly on the poisons being diluted.
Chapter 10: 5. _Difference of tissue_ is an interesting modifying power in a
Chapter 11: 6. With respect to differences arising from _difference of organ_, these
Chapter 12: 7. _Habit and Idiosyncrasy._—The remarks to be made under the present
Chapter 13: 8. The last modifying cause to be mentioned comprehends certain
Chapter 14: CHAPTER II.
Chapter 15: 1. The first characteristic is the _suddenness of their appearance and
Chapter 16: 2. The next general characteristic of the symptoms of poisoning is
Chapter 17: 3. Another characteristic is _uniformity in the nature of the symptoms_
Chapter 18: 4. The fourth characteristic is, that _the symptoms begin soon after a
Chapter 19: 5. Lastly, _the symptoms appear during a state of perfect health_. This
Chapter 20: 1. As to the _suddenness of their invasion and rapidity of their
Chapter 21: 2. As to the uniformity or _uninterrupted increase of the symptoms_, it
Chapter 22: 3. It was stated above, that the third character, _uniformity in kind_
Chapter 23: 4. In the next place, it was observed that some reliance may be placed
Chapter 24: 5. Little need be said with regard to _the symptoms beginning, while the
Chapter 25: 1. It may have been discharged by vomiting and purging. Thus on the
Chapter 26: 2. The poison may have disappeared, because it has been all absorbed. It
Chapter 27: 3. Poisons may not be found, because the excess has been decomposed.
Chapter 28: 4. Lastly, the poison which has been absorbed into the system, and may
Chapter 29: 1. The evidence derived from _the effects of suspected food, drink, or
Chapter 30: 2. In the case of _the vomited matter_ or _contents of the stomach_
Chapter 31: 3. The effects of _the flesh of poisoned animals_, eaten by other
Chapter 32: 3. The next article, which relates to the proof of the administration of
Chapter 33: 4. The next article in the moral evidence relates to the intent of the
Chapter 34: 5. The next article among the moral circumstances,—the simultaneous
Chapter 35: 6. The next article of the moral evidence relates to suspicious conduct
Chapter 36: CHAPTER III.
Chapter 37: CHAPTER I.
Chapter 38: 1. _Arsenical_ White arsenic 185
Chapter 39: 2. _Acids_ Sulphuric acid 32
Chapter 40: 3. _Mercurials_ Corrosive sublimate 12
Chapter 41: 4. _Other mineral irritants_ Tartar-emetic 2
Chapter 42: 5. _Veget. irritants_ Colchicum 3
Chapter 43: 7. _Opium_ Opium or Laudan. 180
Chapter 44: 8. _Hydrocyanic acid_ Med. Hydroc. acid 27
Chapter 45: 9. _Other veget. Narcotics_ Nux-vomica 3
Chapter 46: 11. Unascertained 22
Chapter 47: CHAPTER II.
Chapter 48: 1. _Distension of the Stomach._—Mere distension of the stomach from
Chapter 49: 2. _Rupture of the Stomach_ is not a common occurrence; but it sometimes
Chapter 50: 3. _Rupture of the Duodenum_ is a very rare accident from internal
Chapter 51: 4. Under the next head may be classed rupture of the other organs of the
Chapter 52: 5. The next accident which may be noticed on account of its being liable
Chapter 53: 6. _Of Bilious Vomiting and Simple Cholera._—Of all the diseases which
Chapter 54: 7. _Of Malignant Cholera._—The history of this disease affords a fair
Chapter 55: 8. _Of Inflammation of the Stomach._—Chronic inflammation of the stomach
Chapter 56: 9. _Inflammation of the Intestines_ in its acute form is more common
Chapter 57: 10. _Inflammation of the Peritonæum_, or lining membrane of the belly,
Chapter 58: 11. The subject of _Spontaneous Perforation of the Stomach_ is an
Chapter 59: 12. The _gullet_ may be perforated in a similar manner either with or
Chapter 60: 13. _Perforation of the alimentary canal by worms_ may here also be
Chapter 61: 14. The next diseases to be mentioned are melæna and hæmatemesis, or
Chapter 62: 15. The last are _colic_, _iliac passion_, and _obstructed intestine_.
Chapter 63: CHAPTER III.
Chapter 64: 1. _When concentrated_ it is oily-looking, colourless, or brownish from
Chapter 65: 2. _When diluted_, it may be distinguished from all ordinary acids by
Chapter 66: 3. It is seldom that the medical jurist is called on to search for
Chapter 67: 1. The most ordinary symptoms are those of the first variety,—namely,
Chapter 68: 2. The second variety of symptoms belong to a peculiar modification of
Chapter 69: 3. The third variety includes cases of imperfect recovery. These are
Chapter 70: 4. The last variety comprehends cases of perfect recovery, which are
Chapter 71: 1. _When concentrated_, nitric acid is easily known by the odour of its
Chapter 72: 2. _In a diluted state_ this acid is not so easily recognised as the
Chapter 73: 3. _When in a state of compound mixture_, nitric acid, like sulphuric
Chapter 74: 1. Hydrochloric acid, _in its concentrated state_, is colourless, if
Chapter 75: 2. _When diluted_, it is recognised with facility, first by
Chapter 76: 3. In the last edition of this work I proposed for the detection of
Chapter 77: CHAPTER IV.
Chapter 78: CHAPTER V.
Chapter 79: CHAPTER VI.
Chapter 80: 1. In the form of a pure solution, its nature may be satisfactorily
Chapter 81: 2. The only important modifications in the analysis rendered necessary
Chapter 82: CHAPTER VII.
Chapter 83: CHAPTER VIII.
Chapter 84: CHAPTER IX.
Chapter 85: CHAPTER X.
Chapter 86: CHAPTER XI.
Chapter 87: CHAPTER XII.
Chapter 88: CHAPTER XIII.
Chapter 89: 3. The arsenite of copper, or _mineral green_. 4. The arsenite of potass
Chapter 90: 2. _Of the Tests for Arsenious Acid._
Chapter 91: 7. After the precipitate has thoroughly subsided, the supernatant liquid
Chapter 92: introduction as a poison into the body. This topic, one of paramount
Chapter 93: 1. _Arsenic may exist as an adulteration in some reagents._—It must be
Chapter 94: 2. _Arsenic may be present in some articles of chemical
Chapter 95: 3. _Arsenic may have existed in antidotes administered during life._—It
Chapter 96: 4. _Arsenic sometimes exists naturally in the human body._—This
Chapter 97: 5. _Arsenic may exist in the soil of churchyards._—This proposition too
Chapter 98: 3. _Arsenite of Copper_.
Chapter 99: 4. _Arsenite of Potass_.
Chapter 100: 5. _Arseniate of Potass._
Chapter 101: 6. _The Sulphurets of Arsenic._
Chapter 102: 7. _Arseniuretted-Hydrogen._
Chapter 103: 1. In one order of cases, then, arsenic produces symptoms of irritation
Chapter 104: 2. The second variety of poisoning with arsenic includes a few cases in
Chapter 105: 3. The third variety of poisoning with arsenic places in a clear point
Chapter 106: CHAPTER XIV.
Chapter 107: 1. _Of Red Precipitate._
Chapter 108: 2. _Of Cinnabar._
Chapter 109: 3. _Of Turbith Mineral._
Chapter 110: 4. _Of Calomel._
Chapter 111: 5. _Of Corrosive Sublimate._
Chapter 112: 1. _Hydrosulphuric acid gas_ transmitted in a stream through a solution
Chapter 113: 1. _Lime-Water_ throws down the binoxide of mercury in the form of a
Chapter 114: 6. _Of Bicyanide of Mercury._
Chapter 115: 7. _Of the Nitrates of Mercury._
Chapter 116: 1. The symptoms in the first variety are very like what occur in the
Chapter 117: 2. The second variety of poisoning with mercury comprehends the cases,
Chapter 118: 3. The third variety of poisoning with mercury comprehends all the forms
Chapter 119: introduction of corrosive sublimate into the stomach. The poison then
Chapter 120: CHAPTER XV.
Chapter 121: 1. _Mineral Green._
Chapter 122: 2. _Natural Verdigris._
Chapter 123: 3. _Blue Vitriol._
Chapter 124: 1. _Ammonia_ causes a pale azure precipitate, which is redissolved by an
Chapter 125: 2. _Sulphuretted hydrogen gas_ causes a dark brownish-black precipitate,
Chapter 126: 3. _Ferro-cyanate of potass_ causes a fine hair-brown precipitate, the
Chapter 127: 4. A polished rod or plate of _metallic iron_, held in a solution of
Chapter 128: 4. _Artificial Verdigris._
Chapter 129: 1. Should the subject of analysis not be a liquid, render it such by
Chapter 130: 2. If the copper be extremely minute in quantity, sulphuretted hydrogen
Chapter 131: CHAPTER XVI.
Chapter 132: 1. _Caustic potass_ precipitates a white sesquioxide, but only if the
Chapter 133: 2. _Nitric acid_ throws down a white precipitate, and takes it up again
Chapter 134: 3. The _Infusion of Galls_ causes a dirty, yellowish-white precipitate;
Chapter 135: 4. The best liquid reagent is _Hydrosulphuric acid_. In a solution
Chapter 136: 5. When the solution is put into Marsh’s apparatus for detecting arsenic
Chapter 137: 1. Subject a small portion of the liquid to a stream of hydrosulphuric
Chapter 138: 2. If hydrosulphuric acid do not distinctly affect the liquid, or if no
Chapter 139: 3. If antimony be not indicated in either of these ways in the fluid
Chapter 140: CHAPTER XVII.
Chapter 141: CHAPTER XVIII.
Chapter 142: 1. _Of Litharge and Red Lead._
Chapter 143: 2. _Of White Lead._
Chapter 144: 3. _Of Sugar of Lead._
Chapter 145: 1. _Hydrosulphuric acid_ causes a black precipitate, the sulphuret of
Chapter 146: 2. _Chromate of potass_, both in the state of proto-chromate and
Chapter 147: 3. _Hydriodate of potass_ causes also a lively gamboge-yellow
Chapter 148: 4. _A rod of zinc_ held for some time in the solution displaces the
Chapter 149: 4. _Goulard’s Extract._
Chapter 150: introduction of lead into the body; and in the last the whole course of
Chapter 151: introduction of lead into the body may be presumed to be the real cause.
Chapter 152: introduction of lead into the system. Dr. Burton thinks it will when the
Chapter 153: CHAPTER XIX.
Chapter 154: CHAPTER XX.
Chapter 155: CHAPTER XXI.
Chapter 156: CHAPTER XXII.
Chapter 157: CHAPTER XXIII.
Chapter 158: CHAPTER XXIV.
Chapter 159: CHAPTER XXV.
Chapter 160: CHAPTER XXIV.
Chapter 161: 1. Apoplexy is sometimes preceded at considerable intervals by warning
Chapter 162: 2. Apoplexy attacks chiefly the old. It is not, however, confined to the
Chapter 163: 3. The next criterion is, that apoplexy occurs chiefly among fat people.
Chapter 164: 4. A fourth criterion is drawn from the relation which the appearance of
Chapter 165: 5. Another criterion relates to the progress of the symptoms. The
Chapter 166: 6. Although there is a great resemblance between the symptoms of
Chapter 167: 7. In the last place, a useful criterion may be derived from the
Chapter 168: 1. The epileptic fit _is sometimes preceded by certain warnings_, such
Chapter 169: 2. The symptoms of the epileptic fit _almost always begin violently and
Chapter 170: 3. As in apoplexy, so in epilepsy the patient _in general cannot be
Chapter 171: 4. When a person dies in a fit of epilepsy, _the paroxysm generally
Chapter 172: 5. M. Esquirol, a writer of high authority, says that epilepsy _very
Chapter 173: CHAPTER XXVII.
Chapter 174: 1. If there be any solid matter, it is to be cut into small fragments,
Chapter 175: 2. Add now the solution of acetate of lead as long as it causes
Chapter 176: 3. The fluid part is to be treated with hydrosulphuric acid gas, to
Chapter 177: 4. It is useful, however, to separate the meconic acid also; because, as
Chapter 178: 5. If there be a sufficiency of the original material, Merck’s process
Chapter 179: 546. There is little doubt that poisoning with opium may cause
Chapter 180: CHAPTER XXVIII.
Chapter 181: CHAPTER XXIX.
Chapter 182: CHAPTER XXX.
Chapter 183: CHAPTER XXXI.
Chapter 184: 1. M. Chomel of Paris has related a case of poisoning with the gas
Chapter 185: 2. The fumes of burning charcoal have been long known to be deleterious.
Chapter 186: 3. It is probable that in some circumstances a very small quantity of
Chapter 187: 4. The vapours from burning coal are the most noxious of all kinds of
Chapter 188: 5. Somewhat analogous to the symptoms now described are the effects of
Chapter 189: CHAPTER XXXII.
Chapter 190: CHAPTER XXXIII.
Chapter 191: CHAPTER XXXIV.
Chapter 192: CHAPTER XXXV.
Chapter 193: CHAPTER XXXVI.
Chapter 194: CHAPTER XXXVII.
Chapter 195: CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Chapter 196: CHAPTER XXXIX.
Chapter 197: CHAPTER XL.
Chapter 198: CHAPTER XLI.
Chapter 199: 1. When the dose is small, much excitement and little subsequent
Chapter 200: 2. When the effect is sufficiently great to receive the designation of
Chapter 201: 160. In twenty-four hours more the breathing became laborious and
Chapter 202: 3. The third degree of poisoning is not so often witnessed, because, in
Chapter 203: CHAPTER XLII.
Chapter 204: 1. _Poisoning with Arsenic and Alcohol._—A man, after taking twelve
Chapter 205: 3. _Poisoning with Tartar-Emetic and Charcoal Fumes._—Under the head of
Chapter 206: 4. _Poisoning with Alcohol and with Laudanum._—Under the head of
Chapter 207: 5. _Poisoning with Laudanum and Corrosive Sublimate._—Of all the cases
Chapter 208: 6. _Poisoning with Opium and Belladonna._—A lady, who used a compound
Chapter 209: 7. In the following cases, the active poisons to which the individuals
Chapter 210: 2. Apparatus for the distillation of fluids suspected to contain
Chapter 211: 3. Tube for reducing very small portions of arsenic or mercury. The
Chapter 212: 4. A small glass funnel for introducing the material into the tube
Chapter 213: 5. The ordinary apparatus for disengaging sulphuretted-hydrogen. The
Chapter 214: 6. Instrument for washing down scanty precipitates on filters. It is a
Chapter 215: 7. Tubes of natural size for collecting small portions of mercury by
Chapter 216: 8. Pipette, one-fourth the natural size, for removing by suction
Chapter 217: 9. Apparatus for reducing the sulphurets of some metals by a stream of
Chapter 218: 36. Quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 163.
Chapter 219: 92. Vicarius, Ibidem, Obs. 100. Riselius, Ibidem, Dec. i. An. v. Obs.
Chapter 220: 1762. See Marx, i. ii. 29.
Chapter 221: 1. P. 476, changed “exasperated by the use of oil” to “exacerbated by
Chapter 222: 2. P. 513, changed “I may here add a very opposite instance of
Chapter 223: 6. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.

acids, one-seventh the natural size.

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