inescutcheon was surmounted by the Electoral cap, for which a crown was
substituted later when Hanover became a kingdom.
At the death of William IV., by the operation of the Salic Law, the crowns
of England and Hanover were separated, and the inescutcheon of Hanover
disappeared from the Royal Arms of this country, and by Royal Warrant
issued at the beginning of the reign of Queen Victoria the Royal Arms and
badges were declared to be: 1 and 4, England; 2. Scotland; 3. Ireland. The
necessary alteration of the cyphers are the only alterations made by his
present Majesty.
The supporters date from the accession of James I. Before that date there
had been much variety. Some of the Royal badges have been already alluded
to in the chapter on that subject.
The differences used by various junior members of the Royal Family will be
found in the Chapter on Marks of Cadency. {609}